Robert W. Shafer
Academic Appointments
- Professor (Research), Medicine - Infectious Diseases
- Professor (Research) (By courtesy), Pathology
Key Documents
Contact Information
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Clinical Offices
Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine 300 Pasteur Dr. Grant Bldg, Room S-101 Stanford, CA 94305 Tel Work (650) 725-2946 Fax (650) 725-2088
- Academic Offices
Personal Information Email Tel (650) 725-2946Not for medical emergencies or patient use
Professional Overview
Clinical Focus
- Infectious Disease
Professional Education
| Fellowship: | Stanford University School of Medicine CA (1993) |
| Fellowship: | SUNY at Brooklyn School Of Medicine NY (1988) |
| Board Certification: | Infectious Disease, American Board of Internal Medicine (1988) |
| Board Certification: | Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine (1986) |
| Internship: | Lenox Hill Hospital NY (1984) |
| Medical Education: | New York University School of Medicine NY (1983) |
Internet Links
Industry Relationships
Stanford is committed to ethical and transparent interactions with our industrial and other commercial partners. It is our policy to disclose payments (exclusive of travel support) from, and/or equity in, companies or other commercial entities to Stanford faculty of $5,000 or more in total value, as well as any equity in a privately held company, when the faculty member also has institutional responsibilities related to his or her interactions with the company. View Full Information
Scientific Focus
Current Research Interests
My group’s research is on the mechanisms and consequences of virus evolution with a focus on HIV therapy and drug resistance. We maintain a public HIV drug resistance database (http://hivdb.stanford.edu) as a resource for HIV drug resistance surveillance, interpreting HIV drug resistance tests, and HIV drug development. These three disciplines – epidemiology, clinical management, and basic science – reflect the interdisciplinary nature of antiviral drug resistance research and represent the range of our group’s activities.
HIV drug resistance, once the main challenge to the very concept that antiretroviral therapy would be possible, has been countered in a striking success of modern medicine. However, HIV drug resistance persists as the main threat to the long-term effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in the under-resourced parts of the world with the highest numbers of HIV-infected people. The paramount goal of our group's work is to inform HIV treatment and prevention policies by identifying the most important factors responsible for the emergence and spread of drug resistance.
Additional interests of our group include sequence analyses that provide insight into viral pathogenesis, open source informatics approaches that facilitate the use of genomic data in clinical practice, and new sequencing technologies.
Publications
- Collinearity of protease mutations in HIV-1 samples with high-level protease inhibitor class resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013; (2): 414-8
- Low-level persistence of drug resistance mutations in hepatitis B virus-infected subjects with a past history of Lamivudine treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; (1): 343-9
- A review of the virological efficacy of the 4 World Health Organization-recommended tenofovir-containing regimens for initial HIV therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; (6): 862-75
- HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance: scientific principles and clinical applications. Drugs. 2012; (9): e1-25
- Panel of prototypical recombinant infectious molecular clones resistant to nevirapine, efavirenz, etravirine, and rilpivirine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012; (8): 4522-4
- HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance and its clinical implications. J Infect Dis. 2011; (9): 1204-14
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